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The United States Border Patrol is a federal law enforcement agency within the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a component of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). His agent 20 200 [1] are mainly responsible for immigration and border security, as codified in the Immigration and Nationality Act. Your task is to prevent terrorists and terrorist weapons from the United States in order to deter and to detect, capture and illegal aliens and people in the illegal drug trade in the United States involved other than through the input ports désignés.En also applies CBP (as codified in the Controlled Substances Act), federal laws or controlled substances found on the violation of federal law enforcement during the immigration authority delegated by the Drug Enforcement Administration.Notez that there are two segments of the staff of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection that people often together, the CBP officer confused [1], carries a blue uniform and the Border Patrol agent [2], who wears a uniform vert.Table Contents [hide] 1 History2 Stratégie2.1 1986, sanctions against employer and the application of procedure2. The two stations inspectionOpération 2.2.1 Hold the El Paso Sector San Diego Line2.2.2 field 2.2.3 Gatekeeper Opération sauvegarde2 Tucson Sector border North2 3, 4 Border Patrol is moving away from using intérieure2. 5 The new Strategy3 Capacités4 Expansion5 Operations Group spéciales5.1 Other Programs Organization spécialisés6 Border Patrol sectors Patrol6.1 frontalière7 Formation7.1 Uniformes7.2 Border Patrol (OBP) to and ornamentation insignes7.2.1 épaule8 Prix8 Border Patrol, a Newton-Azrak Award Devices for héroïsme9 Border Patrol uniformes10 Equipement10.1 armes10.2 Transports11 line affectation12 death of invasions and Compean14 critiques14 armées13 Ramos, inefficace14.2 allegations abus14, 3 corruption15 National Border Patrol Council16 National Border Patrol in Museum17 culture populaire17.1 Livres17, 2 Film17. 2.1 Documentaires18 aussi19 Références20 video links externes21 externe21, a GAO and OIG reports [edit] History of immigration inspectors, 1924Mounted guards to the Immigration Office of the United U.S. Border Patrol in an effort to prevent illegal crossing since 1904, but their efforts were irregular and only if resources made permitted. The inspectors, usually called “mounted guards”, operated by El Paso, Texas. Although she was never more than 75 years, they patrolled as far west as California trying to restrict the flow of illegal immigration chinoise.En March 1915, Congress has a separate set of Horse Guards, often referred to as “mounted inspectors”. Most rode on horseback, but operated only a few vehicles, motorcycles and boats. Although these inspectors had broader arrest authority, they still largely Chinese immigrants trying to avoid, national origin Act and Chinese Exclusion Act followed in 1882. These patrols were immigrants, the inspectors assigned to inspection stations, and could not monitor the border at any time. U.S. troops along the Southwest Border Patrol made intermittent border, but that was secondary, “the hardest work of military training.” Non-citizens were illegally pushed into the United States sent the Army of immigration control stations. Texas Rangers were also responsible for sporadic patrolling rights by the state, and their efforts were already as “extremely effective.” The Border Patrol was founded in 28th May 1924 as an agency to prevent the United States Department of Labor to facilitate illegal immigration at the border Mexico-USA and the Canadian-American border. The first two were Border Patrol stations in El Paso, Texas and Detroit, Michigan. [2] Additional operations were sure along the Gulf Coast in 1927 for the review to ensure that crew members of non-US crew on the boat in which they established left arrived. THE more stations were taken temporarily along the Gulf Coast, Florida and the east coast in the sixties in Cuba when the Cuban Revolution triumphed and walked out of the missile crisis cubains.Avant 2003, the Border Patrol is part of the Department of Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), an organization that was within the U.S. Department of Justice. INS was disbanded in March 2003, when its operations between CBP, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services have been divided, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.La priority mission of the Border Patrol, after the attacks of 9/11 and its merger into the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is to prevent terrorists and terrorist weapons from the United States of America. However, the traditional role of the Border Patrol remains as the deterrence, detection and apprehension of illegal immigrants and people who are involved in the illicit drug trade, which is usually in the United States other than through designated ports of entry. The Border Patrol operates also 33 interior checkpoints along the southern U.S. border Unis.Actuellement the U.S. Border Patrol agents has more than 20 200 (from the end of fiscal year 2009), [3], specifically for patrolling the 6,000 miles of Mexican and Canadian international land borders and 2,000 miles from the coastal waters around the Florida peninsula and the island of Puerto Rico. Officers will be primarily on the border Mexico-USA, where they assigned to have to control the drug trade and illegal immigration. [4] The mounted patrols have made a comeback since smugglers have been awarded pushed into more remote areas of the mountains that are difficult to cover with modern tracking strategies [5] [edit] Strategy [Edit] 1986. Employer sanctions and the use of agents in the Border Patrol with lobster and Astar patrol for illegal entry into the Border Patrol usThe priorities have changed over the years. In 1986, the Immigration Reform and Control renewed emphasis was placed on the illegal immigration control by the employer to hire the illegal immigrants. The belief was that the jobs of the magnet, which are the most illegal immigrants in the United States were attracted. The Border Patrol will increase the interior and the Form I-9 audits by a company testing program known as “sanctions against individuals.” Several officers were appointed in of positions, such as in California’s Livermore Nord.Sanctions employer has never been an effective tool, it should be on by Congress. Illegal immigration to swell even after the amnesty in 1986, despite sanctions against employers. In 1993, California Proposition 187, denying benefits to illegal immigrants and for criminalizing illegal immigrants in possession of false identity cards green cards and Social Security numbers. He also authorized the officers on the issue of non-nationals of their immigration status, and police and sheriff services required to cooperate and report illegal immigrants to the INS. Proposition 187 drew the attention of national aid to illegal immigration. [Edit] U.S. Border Patrol checkpoint station inspectionLes interior of the USBP stations are within 100 miles of the border operated National (with Mexico and Canada) or in the Florida Keys. Since the federal inspection stations operated by the Mexican government within 50 km of its borders, where they are officially known as the “Garita revision.” Or Garitas, they are also known by that name Latinos.Opération [edit] Keep the El Paso Sector LineEl Paso Senior Patrol sector (and future U.S. congressman) Silvestre Reyes started a program called “Operation Hold the Line”. In this program, the Border Patrol agents to illegal entries would no longer react to what arrests, but would be used on the front side of the border, instead, on the immediately detecting any attempted entries or deterring crossing at a location furthest. The idea was that it would be easier to catch illegal immigrants into the wide open deserts in urban streets. Chief Reyes used his agents along the Rio Grande River, within sight of other agents. The program significantly reduced illegal entries in the urban part of El Paso, but simply moves the operation of illegal entry into other domaines.Opération [edit] San Diego Sector Border Patrol Jeep A gatekeeper is to report on the US-Mexico border in San Ysidro look , California.San Diego Sector tried Silvestre Reyes approach “forward-looking to deploy agents to deter illegal entry into the country. Congress approved the hiring of thousands of new drugs and many were sent to San Diego sector. [edit] In addition, given the MP Duncan Hunter surplus military landing mats to use as a border fence. [edit] Stadium lighting, ground sensors and cameras, infra red was also placed in the region. [edit] apprehensions declined dramatically in this area, that people in different cross-sections régions.Opération [ Edit] Tucson Sector sauvegardeCalifornie was no longer the focus of illegal entry and move traffic in Arizona, primarily in Nogales and Douglas. [edit] The Border Patrol’s strategy of deterrence has even used it to San Diego to Arizona. [Edit ] The northern limit of 2001, the Border Patrol agents over 340 established on the border with the United States allocated U.S. border. Staffing northern borders had risen to 1128 agents 1470 agents by the end of 2008 and is expected to extend to the end of 1845 to 2009; increase of six times. resources to support the Border Patrol agents include the use of new technologies and a more focused application of the Air Force and the northern border maritimes.Les sectors are Blaine (Washington), Buffalo (New York), Detroit (Selfridge ANGB, Michigan ), Grand Forks (North Dakota), Le Havre (Montana), Houlton (Maine), Spokane (Washington), and Swanton (Vermont). [edit] Border Patrol is moving away from using intérieureDans the 1990s, Congress ordered that border guards patrol away from the center and focus on frontières.Après September 11, 2001 attacks, the Department of Homeland Security, two law enforcement, immigration from the defunct Immigration and Naturalization Service has created: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). ICE was responsible for the investigation, detention and deportation of illegal immigrants and the application of the interior. CBP was responsible for the inspection are entered in the United States, and prevent illegal entry between the input port, check the transportation and admission to maritime borders of the United States. DHS has decided to manage the Border Patrol with CBP. is CBP align themselves solely responsible for the ports of the nation’s entry, while the Border Patrol maintains jurisdiction over all sites between the ports of entry, which Border Patrol agents federal authority absolutely [dubious - discuss] countries. [dubious - discuss] In July 2004, the industry Livermore of the United States Border Patrol has closed Livermore Sector served Northern California Date and locations in Dublin (Parks Reserve. Forces Training Area), Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno and Bakersfield is. The Border Patrol also closed other stations within the United States, including Roseburg, Oregon, and Little Rock, Arkansas. The functions of the Border Patrol in these areas it largely controls the local jail and transportation terminals for illegal immigrants. These functions have been established at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. [edit] The new strategy cameras add “smart border” surveillance.In November 2005, the U.S. Border Patrol has released an updated National Strategy [6]. The goal of this updated strategy, the operational control of the borders of the United States The strategy has five main objectives: Understand the terrorists and terrorist weapons illegally into the United States, the fight against illegal entries through improved enforcement, recognize, too. capture and smuggling scare people, drugs and other contraband;. Use “Smart Border” technology to reduce crime in border communities, improving the quality of life [edit] CapacitésLa border is a barely discernible line in uninhabited deserts, canyons, or the mountains. The Border Patrol uses a variety of devices and methods, such as electronic sensors at strategic locations along the border placed on persons or vehicles illegally recognize the country. video monitors and night vision fields are also used to detect illegal entries. Agents patrol the border in cars, boats, planes, and on foot. In some areas occupied by Border Patrol horses, all-terrain motorcycles, bicycles, and snowmobiles. The air monitoring capabilities provided by UAVs available. [3] The main activity the agent of the Border Patrol “line of watches.” Watch Online includes the detection, prevention and apprehension of terrorists, undocumented aliens and smugglers of aliens at or near the border of the security of a concealed position on top of the line , answer material by electronic sensor television and aircraft observations and interpretation and for signs, signs and other products. The main activities include traffic monitoring, traffic observation, city patrol, transportation check, administrative, intelligence and control measures against smuggling. [ 4] controls the movement on the main roads are carried out by the border, is detected to identify and understand illegal immigrants trying to go further into the interior of the United States under the protection of being discovered at the border, and illegal drugs. [3 ] Checks transport inspections in transportation, including buses, passenger airplane, passenger and freight trains, and boats bound. [3] maritime patrols along the coastal rivers of the United States, especially along the Pacific coast, the Caribbean, the tip of Florida and Puerto Rico and inland waterways common to the United States and Canada. Border Patrol Border controls leads from 130 boats in different sizes. The Border Patrol maintains watercraft from blue-water craft hull inflatable boat into 16 sectors, in addition to the central component of special operations. [3] patrols on horseback and bicycle will be used to enhance regular vehicle and foot patrols. horse units, remote areas, patrolling along the international border, which are inaccessible to standard SUVs. patrol bike patrol AIDS center and will be used in the field, assist Linewatch. [3] used snowmobiles to patrol remote areas along the northern border in the winter. [edit] ExpansionLa loss in the Border Patrol was generally 5%. Offset from 1995 to 2001 attrition by over 10% , which was a time when the Border Patrol is the subject of massive adjustment. In 2002, the failure rate increased by 18%. The fluctuation of 18% was due largely to agents of the Federal Air Marshals after 9/11 transfer. has since the problem of employee turnover dropped significantly, and Congress has increased journeyman Border Patrol Agent Salary GS GS-9-11 in 2002. Navy Border Patrol position was created in 2009 (EPS-M). This position is for a GS- updated 12 in the current position in 2010 or 2011. customs officials to be updated patrol the area of ​​training in 2010, possibly in a temporary GS-12 rate of pay. in 2005 fell by Border Patrol attrition to 4% and remains in the range 4% to 6% from 2009. [7] The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (signed by President Bush 17 December 2004) authorized the hiring of 10,000 additional officers, “appropriated”. permission, if implemented fully, would be almost twice the number of Border Patrol agents signed 11000-21000 2010.En of July 2005, the Congress passed the Act on additional emergency spending for military operations in Iraq / Afghanistan and other operations. The law also means that Border Patrol staffing of 500 increasing agents. In October 2005, President Bush signed the bill FY06 DHS funds, funding 1,000 new agents.En November 2005, President George W. Bush made a trip through southern Arizona to other options for illegal border crossing on the border of to discuss the United States and Mexico. In his last year of the proposed 2007 budget, he requested an extra patrol officers frontalière.La 1500 Secure Fence Act by President George W. Bush signed 26 October 2006, met with much resistance. In October 2007, environmental groups and concerned citizens an injunction in the hope that the construction of the barrier that must be built between the U.S. and Mexico finish, submitted. The law stipulates that the fence will be built by December 2008. In late account, the United States seeks a fence implement the 1945-mile (3.130 km) border, but the law requires only 700 miles (1,100 kilometers) of fencing. The DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff has a short-shorted environmental and other paradoxes with a waiver, by the Congress in Section 102 of the Act, the DHS, to avoid conflicts that can prevent the rapid installation of the fence has been granted permits. [8] [9] This action has many environmental groups and landowners, against the impending construction of the fence. [10 ] groups of environmental and plant life are concerned that plans to clear the brush, build fences, install illumination light, motion detectors, cameras and wildlife to scare and threaten native species in the region [11]. Environmentalists say that the ecosystem through fact that a border fence would move could limit concerned be any animal, which in turn prevents them from being a source of food and water on one side or the other. desert plants would also feel the impact, as would be, uprooted in many areas where The fence is set to occupy. [12] The owners of these areas fear a loss of land. property owners a portion of their land should be passed to the government for the closure. Citizens also fear that communities are divided. Many students move to the visit limit for daily classes at the University of Texas at Brownsville. Brownsville Mayor Pat Ahumada favors alternatives to a border fence. He suggested that the Rio Grande extended and deepened to provide a natural barrier against illegal immigrants and drug traffickers will be prevented. [ 13] The U.S. Border Patrol Academy in Artesia is, New Mexico. [edit] Special Operations Group A Border Patrol Special Response Team tried a little by little hotel in New Orleans in response to Hurricane Katrina.CBP Borstar dog team, led Abseiling trainingIn 2007, Border Patrol has created the Special Operations Group (SOG) in El Paso, TX has coordinated its headquarters to units specialized agency. [14] Border Patrol Tactical Unit (BORTAC) National Special Response Team (NSRT) Border Patrol Search, Trauma and Rescue (Borstar) Air Mobile Unit (AMU) [edit] Other programs spécialisésLa Border Patrol has a number of other specialized programs and détails.Opérations air and maritimesUnités K9Patrouille to chevalPatrouille véloInscrivez to cut (up) Unit motoneigeUnité infrarougeIntelligenceLutte field against the smuggling of Alien Border enquêtesProgramme pénaleMulti organisms Anti-Gang Task Forces (regional and local units) and Nursing Peer honneurPipes DrumsChapelainSoutien [edit] Border Patrol David V. Aguilar organization, Acting Commissioner of Customs and Border ProtectionThe current acting head of the Border Patrol , Michael J. Fisher, who has succeeded David V. Aguilar in 2010, now the acting Commissioner of Customs and Border Protection. [edit] Border Areas PatrolIl are 20 Border Patrol sectors, each of the chief of an officer of the patrol area. Northern Border run (from west to east): – (. Eastern Washington State) Blaine area (Western Washington State, Idaho, Montana and West) stations, Bellingham, Blaine, Port Angeles, Sumas.Spokane industry sector Havre (Montana) Grand Forks Sector (North Dakota) Detroit Sector (Selfridge Air National Guard Base, Michigan) – stations, Downtown Detroit, Marysville, Gibraltar, Sault Sainte Marie, Bay Area Sandusky.Buffalo (New York) – stations, Buffalo, Erie, Niagura Falls Oswego, Rochester, Wellesley Island.Swanton Sector (Vermont) Houlton Sector (Maine) South Border (West to East): Sector San Diego (San Diego, California) El Centro Sector (Imperial County, California) Yuma Sector (Arizona Western) – stations, Wellton, Yuma, BlytheTucson sector (eastern Arizona) El Paso Sector (El Paso, Texas and New Mexico) – stations, Alamogordo, Albuquerque, Deming, El Paso, Fabens, Fort Hancock, Las Cruces, Lordsburg, Santa Teresa, Truth or Consequences, YsletaMarfa area (Big Bend area of ​​West Texas) – stations, Alpine, Amarillo, Big Bend, Fort Stockton, Lubbock, Marfa, Midland, Pecos, Presidio, Sanderson, Sierra Blanca, Van HornDel sector Rio (Del Rio, Texas ) – stations, Abilene, Brackettville, Carrizo Springs, Comstock, Del Rio, Eagle Pass, North, South Eagle Pass, Rock Springs, San Angelo, UvaldeRio Grande Valley Area (south Texas) – stations, Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Falfurrias, Fort Brown, Harlingen, Kingsville, McAllen, Rio Grande City, WeslacoLaredo sector (South Texas) – stations, Cotulla, Dallas, Freer, Hebbronville, Laredo North, Laredo South, West Laredo, San Antonio, New Orleans ZapataLa Sector (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida and West), Miami (East Florida and South) CaraïbesRamey Sector (Aguadilla, Puerto Rico) and the Virgin Islands, the Border Patrol sector, which is located outside the continental United States [change] Formation Toussaint, the Border Patrol agents spend at 15 weeks of training the Border Patrol Academy (if fluent in Spanish) in Artesia, New Mexico, which is part of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC). Those who are not fluent in Spanish. eight more weeks at the academy recruits Border Patrol and federal enforcement issues loi.Cours Border Patrol include: immigration law and nationality law, criminal law and power, Legal, Spanish, border patrols, maintenance and use of firearms, including physical training, driver training, and the fight against terrorisme.Cours FLETC: Communication, Ethics and Code of Conduct, the development of reporting, introduction to computers, fingerprints, and constitutional law. [15] The physical aspects of the training program, Border Patrol are extremely demanding. At the end of the 55 days, students will be able to finish a race and half a mile in 13 minutes or less, a confidence course in two and a half minutes or less, and a 220 meter sprint in 46 seconds or less. This test is much easier than yesterday physical training during the day [15] [edit] Border Patrol includes UniformesLa currently the following types of uniforms: The CBP officers at a ceremony in 2007Dress uniform – the uniform costume includes a .. olive pants with a blue striped shirt and olive green, which may or may not be blue suspenders, the campaign hat with ceremonial uniforme.Uniforme worn – If necessary, elements in the uniform will be added to complete the ceremonial uniform jacket or tunic Ike olive green with blue accents (shoulder straps and cuffs, blue necktie, tie clips, brass, white gloves, and olive green felt hat campaign with a leather hatband the campaign. is a hat worn uniforme.Uniforme Rough duty – The uniform of the boat is made of green cargo pants and shirt work (short or long sleeves) usually with green or beige baseball cap worn stetson.Accessoires, shoes, and outerwear -. additional elements are likely to match the colors blue or black when échéant.Patchs organization – The Border Patrol has two. CBP’s patch worn on the right sleeve of the uniform, it contains the DHS seal on a black background with a “keystone” shape . a “cornerstone” of the central, wedge-shaped stone in an arch, the other stones in place.Agents patrol car stops limit to the circular legacy Border Patrol patch on the sleeve is gauche.L Border Patrol uniforms worn hold its first makeover gets since the 1950s, more like military effort and less like a dress duty policemen seem [16]. leather belt with brass fittings with nylon straps with plastic buckles with quick release to be replaced, pants are a light cargo pants and shiny badges and plates are replaced replaced with pieces of fabric. [edit] Border Patrol (OBP) in Place InsigniaTitre insignia shoulder height compensation ornementChef Border Patrol headquarters of the Border Patrol plated Senior Executive Service (SES), deputy head of the Border Patrol plated SES chief gold-plated division SES Deputy Division Chief gilded GS-15, General Schedule In Chief gilded GS-15 Deputy Chief in silver GS-14 Operations Officer oxidized GS-13 Border Patrol sector Chief Patrol Agent (CPA), gold-or GS-15 SES Assistant Patrol Agent in Charge (DCPA) or gold SES/GS-15 GS-14 GS-15 Head of nickel Assistant Chief Patrol Agent (ACPA), silver-plated GS-15 or GS-14 Patrol Officer in Charge (CISP), nickel-plated or GS-14 GS oxidized-13 Assistant Patrol Officer in Charge (APAIC) GS-13 supervisor of Special Operations (SOS) is oxidized GS-13 field supervisor